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Multiple drug resistance (MDR), multidrug resistance or multiresistance is antimicrobial resistance shown by a species of microorganism to multiple antimicrobial drugs. The types most threatening to public health are MDR bacteria that resist multiple antibiotics; other types include MDR viruses, fungi, and parasites (resistant to multiple antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic drugs of a wide chemical variety). Recognizing different degrees of MDR, the terms extensively drug resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) have been introduced. The definitions were published in 2011 in the journal ''Clinical Microbiology and Infection'' and are openly accessible.〔A.-P. Magiorakos , A. Srinivasan, R. B. Carey, Y. Carmeli, M. E. Falagas, C. G. Giske, S. Harbarth, J. F. Hinndler ''et al''. (Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria... ). Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Vol 8, Iss. 3 first published 27 July 2011 (Wiley Online Library ). Retrieved 16 August 2014.〕 ==Common multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs)== are usually bacteria: * Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) * Methicillin-Resistant ''Staphylococcus'' ''aureus'' (MRSA) * Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) producing Gram-negative bacteria * ''Klebsiella'' ''pneumoniae'' carbapenemase (KPC) producing Gram-negatives * MultiDrug-Resistant gram negative rods (MDR GNR)MDRGN bacteria such as ''Enterobacter species'', ''E.coli'',''Klebsiella pneumoniae'', ''Acinetobacter baumannii'', ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' A group of gram positive and gram negative bacteria of particular recent importance have been dubbed as the ESKAPE group (''Enterococcus faecium'',''Staphylococcus aureus'', ''Klebsiella pneumoniae'', ''Acinetobacter baumanii'', ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' and Enterobacter species) * Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Multiple drug resistance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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